Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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            <s xml:id="echoid-s19519" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="281" file="0287" n="287" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER VII."/>
            cauerit diſtantiam uiſi, poteſt perpendere diſtantiam eius, & aſsimilare eam diſtantijs uiſibilium aſ-
              <lb/>
            fuetorũ, quibus tale uiſibile comprehenditur, in tali forma & in tali figura:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19520" xml:space="preserve"> dein de cõprehendit ma-
              <lb/>
            gnitudinem illius ex quantate anguli, quem reſpicit illud uiſibile apud centrũ uiſus, reſpectu remo-
              <lb/>
            tionis, quam perpendit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19521" xml:space="preserve"> & remotiones ſtellarum nõ ſunt in rectitudine corporum propinquorum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19522" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Quare uiſus nõ comprehendit quantitates earum, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19523" xml:space="preserve"> certificat diſtantias earum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19524" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo per-
              <lb/>
            pendit diſtantias ſtellarum, & aſsimilat illas diſtantijs eorum, quæ ſunt terreſtria, quæ comprehen-
              <lb/>
            duntur ex diſtantia maxima, & perpendit quantitates eorum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19525" xml:space="preserve"> Corpus autem cœli non uidetur ſen-
              <lb/>
            ſui, quòd ſit ſphæricum, & concauum eius ſit ex parte uiſus, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19526" xml:space="preserve"> uiſus ſentit corporeitatẽ cœli, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19527" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            uiſus ſentit de cœlo, niſi colorem glaucum ſolummodo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19528" xml:space="preserve"> corporeitas uerò & extenſio ſecundũ tres
              <lb/>
            dimenſiones, & rotunditas & concauitas nullo modo poſſunt cõprehendi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19529" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi uiſus non certifica-
              <lb/>
            uerit aliquid:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19530" xml:space="preserve"> tunc aſsimilabit ipſum alicui de rebus aſſuetis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19531" xml:space="preserve"> unde comprehendit ſolem & lunã pla
              <lb/>
            nos, & corpora conuexa & concaua à maxima diſtantia, plana:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19532" xml:space="preserve"> & arcus quorum conuexum aut con
              <lb/>
            cauum eſt ex parte uiſus, comprehendet lineas rectas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19533" xml:space="preserve"> Nam ſi non comprehenderit propinquitatẽ
              <lb/>
            medij, & remotionẽ extremitatum in conuexis, & remotionẽ medij & propinquitatem extremita-
              <lb/>
            tum in concauls:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19534" xml:space="preserve"> tunc aſsimilabit ſuperficies conuexas, & concauas ſuperficiebus planis, & aſsimi-
              <lb/>
            labit arcus lineis rectis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19535" xml:space="preserve"> aſſueta enim uiſibilia in maiore parte ſunt plana & recta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19536" xml:space="preserve"> Nec uiſus, cum for-
              <lb/>
            ma ſtellę peruenit ad ipſum, ſentit quòd illa forma ſit refracta, aut quòd refringatur ex ſuperficie cõ-
              <lb/>
            caua, & quòd corpus, in quo ſtella eſt, ſit ſubtilius corpore, in quo eſt uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19537" xml:space="preserve"> ſed forma ſtellæ compre
              <lb/>
            henditur, ſicut formæ aliarũ rerum, quæ comprehen duntur in aere rectè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19538" xml:space="preserve"> Et formæ uiſibiliũ non re-
              <lb/>
            fringuntur, quando occurrunt corpori diuerſo ab aere, propter uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19539" xml:space="preserve"> necuiſus ſentit refractionẽ
              <lb/>
            eorũ, nec ſuperficiem, à qua refringuntur formæ in corporibus diuerſis in diaphanitate, niſi proprie
              <lb/>
            tate naturali formę lucis & coloris, quę extenduntur in corporibus diaphanis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19540" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ ergo ſtellarũ
              <lb/>
            refractarũ perueniunt ad uiſum, ſicut perueniũt formę eorũ, quę ſunt in aere, ad uiſum, & non com-
              <lb/>
            prehenduntur, ſicut comprehenduntur in aere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19541" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus aũt comprehendit colorẽ cœli, nec tamen cer
              <lb/>
            tificat formã eius nudo ſenſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19542" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum uiſus comprehenderit colorẽ aliquẽ in longitudine & latitudi
              <lb/>
            ne:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19543" xml:space="preserve"> ſuper hoc, quod cõprehendit figuram & formã:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19544" xml:space="preserve"> comprehendet ipſum planũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19545" xml:space="preserve"> aſsimilabit enim i-
              <lb/>
            pſum aliquibus ſuperficiebus aſſuetis, ut parieti & alijs.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19546" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc modo cõprehendit ſuperficies con-
              <lb/>
            uexas & cõcauas in remotione maxima.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19547" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo comprehendit planiciem terrę planã omnino,
              <lb/>
            nec ſentit conuexitatẽ eius, niſi fuerint ibi montes & ualles.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19548" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo cõprehendit ſuperficiẽ cœli
              <lb/>
            planã, & comprehendit ſtellas, ſicut comprehendit uiſibilia aſſueta ſeparata, quę ſunt in locis ſpatio
              <lb/>
            ſis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19549" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum uiſus comprehenderit aliqua uiſibilia aſſueta in loco aliquo ſpatioſo, & comprehenderit
              <lb/>
            illa angulis æqualibus, & cõprehenderit quantitates diſtantiarũ uiſibiliũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19550" xml:space="preserve"> tunc illud, quod eſt remo
              <lb/>
            tius, comprehen detur maius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19551" xml:space="preserve"> Nam quantitates remotionis magnitudinis cõprehenduntur ex com
              <lb/>
            paratione anguli, quẽ reſpicit illa remotio apud centrũ uiſus, ad diſtantiam remotã:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19552" xml:space="preserve"> & comprehen-
              <lb/>
            dit uiſus quantitatẽ magnitudinis propin quæ ex cõparatione anguli;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19553" xml:space="preserve"> quẽ reſpicit illud propin quũ,
              <lb/>
            qui eſt æqualis angulo, quem reſpicit diſtantia ad diſtantiã propinquã.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19554" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc patet, & eſſe, teſtatur
              <lb/>
            ei:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19555" xml:space="preserve"> ſcilicet:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19556" xml:space="preserve"> quòd duorũ uiſibilium, quæ à uiſu comprehenduntur duobus angulis æqualibus, quorũ
              <lb/>
            diſtantię ſunt diuerſæ;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19557" xml:space="preserve"> ſenſibiliter:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19558" xml:space="preserve"> remotius uidebitur maius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19559" xml:space="preserve"> Nam ſi homo oppoſuerit ſe ſpatioſo
              <lb/>
            parieti, deinde eleuauerit manum, donec apponat illam uiſui, & cooperuerit alterum uiſum;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19560" xml:space="preserve"> & aſpe
              <lb/>
            xerit reliquo, & poſuerit manũ mediam inter uiſum ſuum & illum parietẽ;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19561" xml:space="preserve"> tunc manus eius coope-
              <lb/>
            riet portionem & latitudinẽ illius parietis, & comprehendet manum ſuam & parietem ſimul.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19562" xml:space="preserve"> Com
              <lb/>
            prehendet ergo manum ſuam angulo acuto:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19563" xml:space="preserve"> & in hoc ſtatu comprehendet latitudinẽ parietis maio
              <lb/>
            rem, quã latitudinem manus multiplicem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19564" xml:space="preserve"> deinde ſi mouerit manũ ita, ut detegatur illud, quod ma-
              <lb/>
            nus cooperuerat de pariete, & aſpexerit ad manũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19565" xml:space="preserve"> uidebit illud, quod detectũ eſt de pariete, maius,
              <lb/>
            quàm ſit ſua manus, multipliciter:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19566" xml:space="preserve"> & ipſe comprehendet manum ſuam & parietem duobus angulis
              <lb/>
            æqualibus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19567" xml:space="preserve"> Ex quo patet, quòd uiſus comprehendit magnitudinẽ ex comparatione anguli ad remo
              <lb/>
            tionem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19568" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo comprehendit ſuperficiem cœli planam, nec ſentit concauitatẽ eius, & compre-
              <lb/>
            hendit ſtellas ſeparatas ιn ipſo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19569" xml:space="preserve"> Comprehendit ergo ſtellas æquales, ſeparatas inæquales:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19570" xml:space="preserve"> nam com
              <lb/>
            parat angulum, quẽ reſpicit ſtella extrema, propinqua horizonti apud centrum uiſus, ad diſtantiam
              <lb/>
            remotã, & comparat angulum, quem reſpicit ſtella in medio cœli, & propinqua medio, remotionl
              <lb/>
            propinquæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19571" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſimiliter comprehendit ſtellam, quæ eſt in horizonte aut prope, maiorem ea, quæ eſt
              <lb/>
            in medio cœli aut prope.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19572" xml:space="preserve"> Comprehendit ergo eandem ſtellam & diſtantiã in diuerſis locis cœli, di-
              <lb/>
            uerſæ quantitatis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19573" xml:space="preserve"> Sic ergo comprehendit eandem ſtellam & diſtantiã in horizante aut prope.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19574" xml:space="preserve"> Nam
              <lb/>
            cõparat angulum, quẽ reſpicit illa ſtella apud centrum uiſus, ſtella exiſtente in horizonte, diſtantiæ
              <lb/>
            remotæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19575" xml:space="preserve"> & comparat angulum, quẽ reſpicit illa ſtella apud centrum uiſus, exiſtente ſtella in medio
              <lb/>
            cœli, diſtantiæ propinquę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19576" xml:space="preserve"> Sed inter angulum, quẽ reſpicit ſtella apud centrũ uiſus, ſtella exiſtente
              <lb/>
            in medio cœli, & inter angulum, quem reſpicit ſtella apud centrum uiſus, ſtella exiſtente in horizon
              <lb/>
            te, non eſt maxima diuerſitas, ſed duo anguli ſunt propinqui, quamuis diuerſit & ſimiliter diſtantiæ
              <lb/>
            inter ſtellas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19577" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum ſenſus comparauerit duos angulos propinquos in magnitudine ad duas diuer
              <lb/>
            ſas diſtantias in magnitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19578" xml:space="preserve"> tunc remotior comprehenditur maior.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19579" xml:space="preserve"> Et quod certificat hanc cauſ-
              <lb/>
            ſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19580" xml:space="preserve"> eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19581" xml:space="preserve"> quòd anguli, quos eadem ſtella reſpicit apud centrũ uiſus ex omnibus partibus cœli (cum
              <lb/>
            lineæ, quę continẽt ipſos, fuerint refractæ) ſunt quaſi anguli, per quos cõprehenderetur rectè:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19582" xml:space="preserve"> quo-
              <lb/>
            niam locus uiſus eſt centrum cœli, & refractiones formarum ſtellarum nõ diminuuntur ex illis an-
              <lb/>
            gulis diminutione maxima.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19583" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum iſtæ diminutiones non ſint maximę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19584" xml:space="preserve"> tunc diuerſitas inter an-
              <lb/>
            gulos refractos, quibus ſtella comprehenditur, & inter remotionẽ inter ſtellas à locis diuerſis cœli,
              <lb/>
            </s>
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