Einstein, Albert.
'Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik'.
Annalen der Physik,
9
(1903)
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<
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im Falle der Berührung eben-
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falls gleichen </
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<
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und
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in Berührung mit-
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einander und
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außerdem in Berührung mit einem Thermo-
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meter
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. Es hängt dann die Zustandsverteilung von
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ledig-
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lich von der Energie des Systems (
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+
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), bez. von der
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Größe
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ab. Denkt man sich die Wechselwirkung von
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und
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unendlich langsam abnehmend, so ändert sich
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dadurch der Ausdruck für die Energie
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des Systems
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(
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+
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) nicht, wie leicht aus unserer Definition von der
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Berührung und dem im letzten Paragraphen aufgestellten Aus-
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druck für die Größe
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zu ersehen ist. Hat endlich die
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Wechselwirkung ganz aufgehört, so hängt die Zustandsver-
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teilung von
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, welche sich während der Trennung von
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und
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nicht ändert, nunmehr von
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ab, also von der Größe
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;
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wobei der Index die Zugehörigkeit zum System
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allein an-
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deuten soll. Es ist </
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<
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<
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und
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welche ein isoliertes System (
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+
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) von der absoluten
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Temperatur
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bilden, so besitzen nach der Trennung die nun-
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mehrigen isolierten Systeme
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und
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gleiche Temperatur.
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Wir denken uns ein gegebenes System mit einem idealen
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Gase in Berührung. Dieses Gas sei unter dem Bilde der
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kinetischen Gastheorie vollkommen darstellbar. Als System
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betrachten wir ein einziges einatomiges Gasmolekül von der
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Masse
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, dessen Zustand durch seine rechtwinkligen Koordi-
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naten
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und die Geschwindigkeiten
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,
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,
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vollkommen
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bestimmt sei. Wir erhalten dann nach
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3 für die Wahr-
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scheinlichkeit, daß die Zustandsvariabeln dieses Moleküles
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zwischen den Grenzen
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+
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und
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+
<
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liegen,
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den bekannten Maxwellschen </
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