Einstein, Albert.
'Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Waerme'.
Annalen der Physik,
22
(1907)
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"> Die beiden oben genannten Schwierigkeiten werden durch
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die neue Auffassung beseitigt, und ich halte es für wahr-
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scheinlich, daß letztere sich im Prinzip bewähren wird. Daran,
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daß sie den Tatsachen exakt entspreche, ist natürlich nicht
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zu denken. Die festen Körper erfahren beim Erwärmen
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Änderungen der molekularen Anordnung (z. B. Volumände-
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rungen), die mit Änderungen des Energieinhaltes verbunden
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sind; alle festen Körper, die elektrisch leiten, enthalten frei
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bewegliche Elementarmassen, die zur spezifischen Wärme einen
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Beitrag liefern; die ungeordneten Wärmeschwingungen sind
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vielleicht von etwas anderer Frequenz als die Eigenschwin-
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gungen der nämlichen Elementargebilde bei optischen Prozessen.
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Endlich aber ist die Annahme, daß die in Betracht kommen-
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den Elementargebilde eine von der Energie (Temperatur) unab-
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hängige Schwingungsfrequenz besitzen, ohne Zweifel </
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"> Immerhin ist es interessant, unsere Konsequenzen mit
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der Erfahrung zu vergleichen. Da es sich nur um rohe An-
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näherung handelt, nehmen wir gemäß der F. Neumann-Kopp-
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schen Regel an, daß jedes Element, auch wenn dasselbe abnorm
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kleine spezifische Wärme besitzt, in allen seinen festen Ver-
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bindungen den gleichen Beitrag zur molekularen spezifischen
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Wärme liefere. Die in nachstehender Tabelle angegebenen
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Zahlen sind dem Lehrbuche der Chemie von Roskoe ent-
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nommen. Wir bemerken, daß alle Elemente von abnorm kleiner
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Atomwärme kleines Atomgewicht besitzen; dies ist nach </
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<
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">Auffassung zu erwarten, da ceteris paribus kleinen Atom-
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gewichten große Schwingungsfrequenzen entsprechen. In der
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letzten Spalte der Tabelle sind die Werte von
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in Mikron
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angegeben, wie sie sich aus diesen Zahlen unter der Annahme,
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