Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="125"/>
              thickness, and high enough that their ends, which are cut square, almost
                <lb/>
              touch the top of the tunnel; then upon them is placed a smaller dressed cap,
                <lb/>
              which is mortised into the heads of the posts: at the bottom, other small
                <lb/>
              timbers, whose ends are similarly squared, are mortised into the posts. </s>
              <s>At
                <lb/>
              each interval of one and a half fathoms, one of these sets is erected; each one
                <lb/>
              of these the miners call a “little doorway,” because it opens a certain amount
                <lb/>
              of passage way; and indeed, when necessity requires it, doors are fixed to the
                <lb/>
              timbers of each little doorway so that it can be closed. </s>
              <s>Then lagging of
                <lb/>
              planks or of poles is placed upon the caps lengthwise, so as to reach from one
                <lb/>
              set of timbers to another, and is laid along the sides, in case some portion of
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              the body of the mountain may fall, and by its bulk impede passage or crush
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              persons coming in or out. </s>
              <s>Moreover, to make the timbers remain stationary,
                <lb/>
              wooden pegs are driven between them and the sides of the tunnel. </s>
              <s>Lastly,
                <lb/>
              if rock or earth are carried out in wheelbarrows, planks joined together are
                <lb/>
              laid upon the sills; if the rock is hauled out in trucks, then two timbers
                <lb/>
              three-quarters of a foot thick and wide are laid on the sills, and, where they
                <lb/>
              join, these are usually hollowed out so that in the hollow, as in a road, the iron
                <lb/>
              pin of the truck may be pushed along; indeed, because of this pin in the
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              groove, the truck does not leave the worn track to the left or right. </s>
              <s>Beneath
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              the sills are the drains through which the water flows away.</s>
            </p>
            <figure number="58"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—POSTS. B—CAPS. C—SILLS. D—DOORS. E—LAGGING. F—DRAINS.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Miners timber drifts in the same way as tunnels. </s>
              <s>These do not, however,
                <lb/>
              require sill-pieces, or drains; for the broken rock is not hauled very far, nor does
                <lb/>
              the water have far to flow. </s>
              <s>If the vein above is metal-bearing, as it sometimes is </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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