Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002589">
                <pb pagenum="412" xlink:href="016/01/061.jpg"/>
              deſcribit. </s>
              <s id="s.002590">Sed & hunc tum vltimum eſſe
                <lb/>
              reor deſcriptorum à Veſputio. </s>
              <s id="s.002591">Ille quidem
                <lb/>
              notiſſimus, & eſt in temone nauis. </s>
              <s id="s.002592">Verùm
                <lb/>
              duo illi proximiores auſtrali polo ignoti
                <lb/>
              quondam, nebulis aſſimilantur, in quarum
                <lb/>
              medio ſtella iacet, vt nebulæ illæ denſiorem
                <lb/>
              cœli partem eam eſſe doceant, & ſtellarum
                <lb/>
              chorum paruarum. </s>
              <s id="s.002593">Cæterùm vt Corſalus
                <lb/>
              Florentinus, refert, crux illa viginti par­
                <lb/>
              tibus à polo auſtrali diſtans, more Vrſæ no­
                <lb/>
              bis, aut Currus circumuertitur illi, ſed lon­
                <lb/>
              gè ſplendidior. </s>
              <s id="s.002594">Sunt & ſex ſtellæ ſplendi­
                <lb/>
              diſſimæ, litui formam referentes, è quibus
                <lb/>
              vna Canopus eſt, ex his qui dicti ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002595">Stel­
                <lb/>
              larum etiam colores diuerſi, tum magni­
                <lb/>
              tudines, ac ſplendores tum Lunæ macula,
                <lb/>
              oſtendunt variam eſſe cœli ſubſtantiam, at­
                <lb/>
              que in meridionali plaga maiores longè, &
                <lb/>
              quaſdam claritate non inferiores his fixas.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002596">Nam maior Canis eſt vltra æquinoctialem
                <lb/>
              circulum, qui quantum luceat, omnes vi­
                <lb/>
              dere poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002597">Canopum verò magnum eſ­
                <lb/>
              ſe conſtat, & minus ab Antarctico polo di­
                <lb/>
              ſtare part. </s>
              <s id="s.002598">38. Sed & in Alexandria totum
                <lb/>
              cælum, partibus ſolum 41. exceptis, vide­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.002599">Longè enim plus de cœlo quàm terra
                <lb/>
              cognitum eſt, quòd cœlum in ſublimi po­
                <lb/>
              ſitum ſit, & perpetuò moueatur. </s>
              <s id="s.002600">His dua­
                <lb/>
              bus cauſis penè totum cognitum eſt: nam
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              ſolùm XXXI. partes circa polum auſtralem
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              cognitæ non fuêre Ptolemæo. </s>
              <s id="s.002601">Itaque ex
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg288"/>
                <lb/>
              Archimedis demonſtratione, fermè vna
                <lb/>
              parte ex tredecim, vel paulò minus inco­
                <lb/>
              gnitum cogniti eſt: totius igitur cœli
                <lb/>
              quartadecima ſolùm pars Ptolemæo ignota
                <lb/>
              fuit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002602">
                <margin.target id="marg286"/>
              Subſtantia
                <lb/>
              cœli inæ­
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              qualis &
                <lb/>
              varia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002603">
                <margin.target id="marg287"/>
              Iuſta Au­
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              ſtralem po­
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              lum ſydera
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              maxima.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002604">
                <margin.target id="marg288"/>
              Lib. 1. de
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              Sph. & cy­
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              lin. prepoſ.
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              40. & 41.
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              vel li. 2. pro
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              poſ. 3.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002610">Quæret forſan quiſpiam de Luna, an il­
                <lb/>
              lius vniuerſum lumen à ſole pondeat? </s>
              <s id="s.002611">Non
                <lb/>
              equidem, at multò minus ſyderum reliquo­
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              rum. </s>
              <s id="s.002612">Conſtat enim in deliquiis maximis
                <lb/>
              eam rubere, vt ignis prunam quandam, &
                <lb/>
              hoc iam illi lumen proprium eſt: verum
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              cùm nocte nihil igne obſcurius procul vi­
                <lb/>
              deatur, & flamma rubra appareat, cum
                <lb/>
              Luna tam procul in deliquiis nobis ſit,
                <lb/>
              manifeſtum eſt Lunam quacunque flam­
                <lb/>
              ma, & candela lumen clarius proprium
                <lb/>
              habere. </s>
              <s id="s.002613">Finge igitur maximæ flammæ at­
                <lb/>
              que clariſſimæ, Lunam ſpontè & nullis
                <lb/>
              radiis Solis adiutam eſſe perſimilem: dein­
                <lb/>
              de cogita, quantò Luna Solis adiuta lumi­
                <lb/>
              nibus, vt in plenilunio, ſeipſa clarior eſt, in
                <lb/>
              deliquio poſita: facilè intelliges Lunam ra­
                <lb/>
              diis Solis illuſtratam, Sole ipſo eſſe ſplen­
                <lb/>
              didiorem ac clariorem, ita vt nec aquilæ
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              oculus, quam ferunt ſecurè Solem inſpi­
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              cere, eam audeat intueri. </s>
              <s id="s.002614">Huius rurſus
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              comparationem ad Solis iubar facias, haud
                <lb/>
              dubię conſtat non falſum eſſe Prophetæ di­
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              ctum, Solem & Lunam, ac ſtellas ea die
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              ſeptuplum luminis habituras, cùm nunc
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              in cœlo longè maius ſeptuplo quàm hic
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              cernatur, clarum obtineant, atque fœcun­
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              dum lumen. </s>
              <s id="s.002615">Ergo ſupra ęthera adeò om­
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              nia ſplendent ac coruſcant, vt ſi etiam
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              tempore deliquij Lunam in ipſo poſiti in­
                <lb/>
              ſpiceremus, non ſecus ac innumeris cereis
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              ſplendidiſſimis accenſis, atque in eos ocu­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg289"/>
                <lb/>
              lis defixis, ob ſplendorem cæcutiremus. </s>
              <s id="s.002616">Sed
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              cur ſcintillare videntur aſtra? </s>
              <s id="s.002617">Quoniam cœ­
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              li ſubſtantia cùm ſit rariſſimà, radij ad nos
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              venientes ſępiùs, ſed tamen ſemper ad per­
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              pendicularem franguntur: ob id cùm aër
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              moueatur, ſicut lapilli in imo fontis treme­
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              re videntur ob motum fluentis aque, ita il­
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              lę titubare videntur. </s>
              <s id="s.002618">Hoc autem in lumini­
                <lb/>
              bus dicitur ſcintillare. </s>
              <s id="s.002619">Stellæ autem erran­
                <lb/>
              tes & Luna non ſcintillant, quia robuſtis
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg290"/>
                <lb/>
              viribus radij ad nos perueniunt: ſunt enim
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              longè nobis fixis propiores. </s>
              <s id="s.002620">Indicio eſt ſic
                <lb/>
              eſſe, quòd cùm magis ſcintillant, & plane­
                <lb/>
              tę etiam non ſcintillare, ſoliti, ventum fu­
                <lb/>
              turum prędicunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002621">Nam medius aër qui eſt
                <lb/>
              in ſublimi dum vehementius agitatur, effi­
                <lb/>
              cit vt frequentius, & magis ſcintillare vi­
                <lb/>
              deantur. </s>
              <s id="s.002622">Mars verò cùm ſubobſcurus ſit,
                <lb/>
              ac rubens, & ipſe ſcintillat, apud eos ma­
                <lb/>
              ximè qui debiliter cernunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002623">Nam & hoc
                <lb/>
              iuxta rationem conuenit, quòd qui debi­
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              lius cernunt, ſcintillare plus ſtellas ſibi per­
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              ſuadent. </s>
              <s id="s.002624">Eadem verò ratione quæ vltra
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              æquinoctialem ſunt ſtellæ plus ſcintillant,
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              ſunt enim remotiores. </s>
              <s id="s.002625">Vnde etiam Canis
                <lb/>
              maior, quæ minus ob ſplendorem ſcintil­
                <lb/>
              lare deberet, & ob magnitudinem plus ſcin­
                <lb/>
              tillat, abeſt enim plurimum. </s>
              <s id="s.002626">Et ſtellas vide­
                <lb/>
              bis vna in parte cœli plus ſcintillare, in
                <lb/>
              alia minus, parum in vertice, & quæ mul­
                <lb/>
              tum ſplendent, & magnæ & quę iuxta po­
                <lb/>
              los, nam ibi minus aër mouetur, & ibi nul­
                <lb/>
              li ſunt venti. </s>
              <s id="s.002627">Scintillant autem maximè quę
                <lb/>
              longè diſtant iuxta æquinoctialem ( nam
                <lb/>
              ibi æther celerrimè fertur ) & paruæ, &
                <lb/>
              maximè ſi ea parte ventus in ſublimi per­
                <lb/>
              ſtet. </s>
              <s id="s.002628">Eiſdem verò rationibus etiam lon­
                <lb/>
              gè minores videntur, & altiores quàm ſint.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002629">Contraria verò ratione lapilli in qua & piſ­
                <lb/>
              ces, maiores videntur quàm ſint: & aqua
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg291"/>
                <lb/>
              omnis minor cùm à latere inſpicitur, & mi­
                <lb/>
              nus profunda iudicatur. </s>
              <s id="s.002630">Ideoque non ani­
                <lb/>
              maduertentes quidam, deceptique pericu­
                <lb/>
              lum ſubmerſionis incurrerunt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002631">
                <margin.target id="marg289"/>
              Cur aſtra
                <lb/>
              ſcintillare
                <lb/>
              videntur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002632">
                <margin.target id="marg290"/>
              Signum ven­
                <lb/>
              ti futuri.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002633">
                <margin.target id="marg291"/>
              Stellæ longè
                <lb/>
              minores &
                <lb/>
              altiores
                <lb/>
              quam ſint,
                <lb/>
              videntur.</s>
            </p>
            <figure id="id.016.01.061.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/061/1.jpg" number="32"/>
            <figure id="id.016.01.061.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/061/2.jpg" number="33"/>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002634">Huius itaque cauſam oſtendamus, & alio­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg292"/>
                <lb/>
              rum quæ dicenda ſunt, res quæ videntur,
                <lb/>
              quo in loco eſſe videantur. </s>
              <s id="s.002635">Itaque omnis res
                <lb/>
              quæ videtur, ibi eſſe apparet, vbi eſt concur­
                <lb/>
              ſus perpendicularis rei viſæ, ducta ex ea ſu­
                <lb/>
              per medium quod eſt cauſa videndi, & li­
                <lb/>
              neæ per quam res viſa videtur, quæ ſemper
                <lb/>
              à re viſa ad oculum tendit. </s>
              <s id="s.002636">Sit igitur pri­
                <lb/>
              mò oculus in A, & res in B, in eodem me­
                <lb/>
              dio tunc videbitur B, in loco ſuo, quia linea
                <lb/>
              perpendicularis eſt eadem lineæ ad oculum </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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